On the nights of November 11 and 12, 2025, skywatchers across more than twenty states in the United States will have a unique opportunity to see the Northern Lights, or aurora borealis. This stunning visual phenomenon is caused by heightened solar activity, including powerful solar eruptions that propel charged particles toward Earth. As these particles collide with our planet's magnetic field, they produce vibrant displays of light in shades of green, pink, and violet. Normally confined to polar regions, the aurora borealis is expected to extend its reach, allowing people from states such as Kansas, Virginia, and even as far south as Pennsylvania to witness the spectacle.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has identified this event as a G4 geomagnetic storm, indicating a significant intensity of solar activity. Optimal viewing is expected from the Pacific Northwest to the Northeast, with ideal conditions resulting in a spectacular array of colours illuminating the night sky. Interested observers are encouraged to look for the aurora from 4 PM to 1 AM EST, as the best chances for spotting the lights will occur during this time frame. Observers should position themselves in areas with minimal light pollution and gaze northward for the most favorable views.
What truly sets this Northern Lights event apart is its connection to multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and an exceptionally powerful solar flare, classified as X5.1, which has heightened the likelihood of witnessing vibrant auroras. As part of the solar cycle, which reaches its peak approximately every eleven years, this increase in solar flares and sunspots accounts for the current surge in aesthetic displays in the sky. Notably, the beautiful visuals of the auroras are the result of the interaction between solar particles and atmospheric gases, specifically oxygen and nitrogen, which produce different colours at varying altitudes.
Seeing the Northern Lights requires some preparation for optimal viewing. It is recommended to find a dark, elevated location away from city lights. Observers should allow their eyes to adapt to the dark, avoid bright screens, and dress warmly to combat the chilly nighttime temperatures. While patience is crucial—since the auroras can be unpredictable—an extended wait outdoors will increase the chances of witnessing this breathtaking spectacle. Moreover, if weather conditions or visibility prove unfavorable on November 11 and 12, those with a keen interest can keep track of potential future aurora activity as solar conditions remain favorable for several days following this event.
In summary, the Northern Lights display from November 11 to 12, 2025, offers an extraordinary experience for millions across the United States. With proper preparation and ideal viewing conditions, this phenomenon promises to be a memorable occasion for both seasoned aurora seekers and new enthusiasts alike.